Reconstruction: Voices From America’s First Great Struggle for Racial Equality

The defeat of the Confederacy and the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 brought about the final destruction of slavery in the United States. Americans were confronted for the first time with the possibility of creating a republic dedicated to the principle of racial equality. What followed over the next twelve years was one of the most complex, inspiring, and ultimately tragic eras in American history. *Reconstruction: Voices from America’s First Great Struggle for Racial Equality* brings this tumultuous and fateful period to dramatic and violent life through the vivid testimony of more than sixty participants and observers. Here is a vitally important book for anyone interested in this crucial period and its inescapable relevance for today. Historian Brooks D. Simpson presents more than 120 speeches, letters, newspaper and magazine articles, reports, and testimonies by famous figures—Frederick Douglass, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Andrew Johnson, Thaddeus Stevens, Ulysses S. Grant, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Mark Twain, Albion Tourgée—as well as dozens of lesser-known men and women, black and white, northern and southern. Through their words, readers experience the fierce contest between President Andrew Johnson and the Republican Congress that led to the nation’s first presidential impeachment; the adoption of the revolutionary Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments; the growth of black political power in the South; and the murderous violence of the Ku Klux Klan and other terrorist groups that, combined with northern weariness, indifference, and hostility, eventually resulted in the restoration of white supremacy in the former Confederate states. Testimony by Cynthia Townsend, Maria Carter, and Margaret Ann Caldwell records the relentless cruelty of white mobs and assassins, while speeches by Joseph H. Rainey, Robert Brown Elliott, and Richard Harvey Cain demonstrate the eloquence, passion, and courage with which the first African American congressmen addressed the nation in the cause of racial justice. *Reconstruction* includes a chronology of events, brief biographies of the writers and helpful historical notes, full-color endpaper illustrations, and an index.