Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise (1670) is a landmark both in democratic political theory and in the history of biblical interpretation. J. Samuel Preus highlights Spinoza’s achievement by reading the Treatise in the context of a literary conflict among his contemporaries about biblical interpretation. Preus’s exposition of neglected primary sources surrounding Spinoza’s work offers new evidence regarding his rhetorical strategy and intent in the Treatise. The book provides not only a valuable contribution to Spinoza scholarship but an important account of the origins of modern methods of biblical interpretation.