In Japan, hibakusha means the people affected by the explosion–specifically, the explosion of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima in 1945. In this classic study, winner of the 1969 National Book Award in Science, Lifton studies the psychological effects of the bomb on 90,000 survivors. He sees this analysis as providing a last chance to understand–and be motivated to avoid–nuclear war. This compassionate treatment is a significant contribution to the atomic age.